Restorative effect of L-Arginine on gross morphology and adrenal weight in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Objective: To observe the restorative effect of L-arginine on body weight and weight of adrenal glands in streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic rats

Methodology: This experimental study was undertaken at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Post graduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi. Fifty healthy albino rats were equally divided into five groups.Group-A was taken as control. Group-B was treated with STZ. Group-C was given STZ with insulin. Group-D received STZ with L-arginine and Group-E was administered STZ along with both L-arginine and insulin. After the confirmation of diabetes by STZ, treatment was continued for a period of 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks. At the start and end of the study period mean body weight of animals was calculated. Effect of L-arginine was observed on body weight of animals and weight of adrenal glands and compared with insulin

Results: The decrease in mean body weight of animals due to STZ was less significant when L-arginine and insulin were added to the therapy. Whereas the increase in adrenal glands weight was also less marked on administering L-arginine and insulin

Conclusion: L-arginine has restorative effect on gross morphology and weight of adrenal glands which is comparable to insulin

Ameliorating effect of Allium Sativum on high-fat diet induced fatty liver in albino rats

Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effect provided by fresh garlic on fatty liver induced by high-fat diet

Methods: This experimental study was carried out at BMSI, JPMC from October to November 2008. Thirty adult albino rats, 200-240 gram weight, were divided into three groups. Group A received control diet, Group B received high-fat diet [20 mg butter/100 gm diet] and Group C received high-fat diet with fresh garlic [20 mg butter with 6 gm fresh garlic/100 gm diet]. The groups were further divided on the basis of duration of treatment, four weeks and eight weeks respectively. The rats were sacrificed, liver removed, weighed and relative liver weight calculated. Hepatic tissue was processed and tissue slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin

Results: There was significant increase in relative liver weight in group B animals as compared to the control animals, which decreased significantly in group C. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections revealed ballooned hepatocytes having vesicular appearance with pyknotic nuclei in high-fat group which were preserved to a great extent in group C animals

Conclusion: This study has shown that use of fresh garlic along with high-fat diet prevents its damaging effects on liver to a great extent

Restorative effect of garlic on fatty liver

Objective: To assess the restorative role of garlic on high-fat induced hepatocellular damage

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done at BMSI, JPMC from 1st - 30th October 2008 after obtaining ethical approval. Thirty adult albino rats, weighing 220 to 240 gram were divided into three groups according to dietary regimen. Group A served as control, group B received high-fat diet [20 mg butter in 100 gm of diet] and group C was given same quantity of butter as in group B along with 6% fresh crushed garlic in diet for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed, liver removed, weighed and processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining

Results: There was significant increase in the body weight and absolute liver weight in group B animals receiving high-fat diet, both of which decreased significantly after the concomitant use of garlic in group C. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections revealed shrunken portal triad, swollen hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei in high-fat diet group as compared to control animals,while in group C hepatocytes were polygonal in shape with vesicular nuclei comparable to control group A

Conclusion: Garlic has restorative role in high-fat induced hepatocellular damage. Fatty liver produced by high quantities of saturated fats, such as butter can be ameliorated by the use of garlic

Protective role of magnesium sulphate in dexamethasone induced histopathological alteration in spermatogenic cells of albino rats

This study has been undertaken to assess the spermatoprotective role of magnesium sulphate [MgSO[4]] on the histology of the seminiferous tubules in dexamethasone induced spermatogenic cells damage in albino rats. Prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi from April 2012 to May 2012. Thirty male albino rats of 90-120 days of age and around 200-250 grams of weight were selected and divided into three groups [A, B and C]. Each group comprising of ten rats. Group-A served as control, group-B was given dexamethasone [Dexa] at the dose of 4mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 20 days. Group-C was administered MgSO[4] at the dose of 20mg/kg/day intramuscularly and Dexa at the same dose as given in group- B. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period and histopathological changes in the germ cells were recorded. The microscopic examination of group-B rats revealed marked changes in most of the seminiferous tubules such as, vacuolization, detachment of basement membrane, atrophy, sloughing, widening of the interstitial spaces and disorganization of the spermatogenic cells series. Group-C which was protected with magnesium sulphate, showed restoration of basement membrane and spermatogenic cell series. The present study concluded that magnesium sulphate [MgSO[4]] administration reduced the damaging effects of dexamethasone in testes

protective role of magnesium sulphate on steroid induced liver damage in albino rats

Dexamethasone causes metabolic disorders and morphological adverse effects on several organs of the body such as testes, kidney, bone, eye and liver etc. Most commonly it causes damage to liver morphology and its functions. Magnesium is an essential mineral of the body, currently is a subject of interest in medicine. Therefore the present study was designed to observe the ameliorating role of magnesium on dexamethasone induced liver damage and correlate the result with previous studies. Experimental Study. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 21 April to 10 May 2012. Thirty adult albino rats, weighing from 200-300 grams were taken for this study. The rats were divided into 3 groups, Group A served as control, Group B received inj. dexamethasone 4mg/kg and Group C received inj. dexamethasone 4mg/kg with inj. Magnesium sulphate[MgSO[4]] 20mg/kg for 20days at the end of which they were sacrificed and liver tissue sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. There was marked decrease in weight observed in rats receiving dexamethasone. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed dilated central vein and sinusoids. Moderate fatty infiltration showed in vacuolated hepatocytes with absent or distorted nuclei in dexamethasone group which were protected and reverted to a major extent in Magnesium sulphate along with dexamethasone receiving group. This study has proved that use of Magnesium sulphate along with dexamethasone ameliorates dexamethasone induced damaging effects on liver

Histological study of preventive role of cyanacobalamin [vitamin B-12] on heat induced testicular injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of Cyanacobalamin [Vitamin B-12] in reducing the hazardous effects of heat on seminiferous tubules of testes in albino rats. Experimental Study. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, for 6 weeks from October 2010 to November 2010. Thirty adult albino rats of 200-250 grams of weight and 90-120 days of age were taken for this study. They were divided into three groups A [control], B [heat treated], and C [heat plus Cyanocobalamin treated]. They were further subdivided into A1 and A2, B1 and B2 and C1 and C2, based on duration of treatment of 4 weeks and 6 weeks respectfully. At the end of study histological examination of seminiferous tubules of testes were seen by applying Periodic Acid Schiff Iron Hematoxylin stain. There was marked damaging effects of heat [42°C] on seminiferous tubules of testes with disorganized germinal epithelium and vacuolation. This damage to spermatogenic cell series was well protected with concomitant treatment with Cyanacobalamin [vitamin B-12]. There was restoration of germinal epithelium and marked decrease in vacuolation. This study proved protective role of Cyanacobalmin [Vitamin B-12] in heat induced damage in testes of albino rats

Effects of L-arginine on fatty diet induced changes in adrenal cortex: a morphometric study

To study the effects of L-Arginine on high fat diet induced changes in adrenal cortex. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi from August 2008 to October 2008. Thirty male adult albino rats were taken for the study and were divided into three groups according to the dietary regimen. Group A received control diet. Group B received high fat diet with 20% added fat in the form of butter. Group C received high fat diet along with L-Arginine 300mg/kg/ day orally. After the end of the study period that is 8 weeks, animals were weighed and sacrificed. The adrenal glands were removed, fixed in buffered neutral formalin and after processing embedded in paraffin to form blocks. 4 micro m thick sections were cut and stained with H and E and Mallory's trichrome stains for morphometeric study. Highly significant increase in weight [P<0.001] was observed in animals of Group B and moderately significant [P<0.01] decrease was observed in Group c animals when compared to control and group B animals respectively. Cortical enlargement was found in zona glomerulosa and fasciculate and decreased thickness was observed in zona reticularis in group B animals, when compared to control, the results were highly significant [P<0.001]. In group C decreased cortical thickness was noted in zona glomerulosa and fasciculata but in zona Mallory's trichrome stained sections of Group B animals showed dilated blood vessels in the three cortical zones, more numerous in zona fasciculate when compared to control animals. In Group C no marked change was observed in all three cortical zones when compared to control. L-Arginine restricts the excessive weight gain caused by high fat diet. It also ameliorates the hypertrophic and vasodilatory effects on adrenal cortex caused by high fat diet

Preventive role of fresh garlic on high-fat diet induced fatty liver in albino rats

Obesity has become a worldwide problem due to westernization of diet, even in developing countries leading to consumption of high-fat diet. One of the most common diseases resulting from use of high-fat diet is fatty liver. Garlic is one of the oldest herbs used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. So the present study was undertaken to observe the protective role of fresh garlic on high-fat diet induced fatty liver in albino rats and correlate the results with previous studies. Thirty adult albino rats, weighing from 200-240 gram were taken for this study. The rats were divided into 3 groups according to dietary regimen, Group A received control diet, Group B received high- fat diet [20 ml corn oil in 100 gm of diet] and Group C received high-unsaturated fat diet with fresh garlic [20 ml corn oil with 6 gm fresh garlic in 100 gm of diet], for 8 weeks at the end of which they were sacrificed and tissue slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin. There was marked increase in weights in rats receiving high fat diet. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed moderate fatty infiltration with empty spaces in hepatocytes with absent or pyknotic nuclei in high-fat group which were preserved to a great extent in group receiving fresh garlic along with high-fat diet. This study has proved that use of fresh garlic along with high-fat diet prevents its damaging effects in liver to a great extent

Ameliorating role of fresh garlic on high-fat diet induced liver in albino rats

High fat diet has been associated with several metabolic disorders including obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, and fatty liver. The commonest cause of benign fatty liver or steatosis is high fat diet. Garlic is one of the oldest herb used for medicinal purposes, since ancient times. So the present study was undertaken to observe the protective role of fresh garlic on high-fat diet induced fatty liver in albino rats and correlate the results with previous studies. Thirty adult albino rats, weighing from 200-240 grams were taken for this study. The rats were divided into 3 groups according to dietary regimen, Group A received control diet, Group B received high-3aturated fat diet [20 gm butter in 100 gm of diet] and Group C received high-saturated fat diet with fresh garlic [20 gm butter with 6 gm fresh garlic in 100 gm of diet], for 8 weeks at the end of which they were sacrificed and tissue slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin. There was marked increase in weights in rats receiving high-saturated fat diet. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed moderate fatty infiltration with empty spaces in hepatocytes with absent or distorted nuclei in high-saturated fat group which were prevented to a major extent in group receiving fresh garlic along with high-saturated fat diet. This study has proved that use of fresh garlic along with high-fat diet prevents its damaging effects in liver to a great extent